Knowing the quickest way around the keyboard can help save you a lot of time when using your computer. That's why we comprised this list of all known keyboard shortcuts to help you get around faster.
Table of Contents
| Operating System | Category |
| Windows General |
Ease of Access |
| General | |
| Dialog Box | |
| Windows Logo Key | |
| Windows Explorer | |
| Magnifier | |
| Remote Desktop Connection | |
| Paint | |
| WordPad | |
| Calculator | |
| Windows 8 |
Charms Menu |
| Windows Key | |
| File Explorer | |
| Windows 10 |
Snap |
| Virtual Desktop | |
| Ctrl + Shortcuts | |
| Alt + Shortcuts | |
| Mac | Cut, Copy, Paste and other shortcuts |
| Document Shortcuts | |
| Finder Shortcuts |
Windows General Hotkeys
(These work across most versions of Windows)
| Shortcut | Description |
| Ease of Access | |
| Right Shift for eight seconds | Turn Filter Keys on and off |
| Left Alt+Left Shift+PrtScn (or PrtScn) | Turn High Contrast on or off |
| Left Alt+Left Shift+Num Lock | Turn Mouse Keys on or off |
| Shift five times | Turn Sticky Keys on or off |
| Num Lock for five seconds | Turn Toggle Keys on or off |
| Windows logo key +U | Open the Ease of Access Center |
| General | |
| F1 | Display Help |
| Ctrl+C or Ctrl+Insert | Copy the selected item |
| Ctrl+X | Cut the selected item |
| Ctrl+V or Shift+Insert | Paste the selected item |
| Ctrl+Z | Undo an action |
| Ctrl+Y | Redo an action |
| Delete or Ctrl+D | Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin |
| Shift+Delete | Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin first |
| F2 | Rename the selected item |
| Ctrl+Right Arrow | Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word |
| Ctrl+Left Arrow | Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word |
| Ctrl+Down Arrow | Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph |
| Ctrl+Up Arrow | Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph |
| Ctrl+Shift with an arrow key | Select a block of text |
| Shift with any arrow key | Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document |
| Ctrl with any arrow key+Spacebar | Select multiple individual items in a window or on the desktop |
| Ctrl+A | Select all items in a document or window |
| F3 | Search for a file or folder |
| Alt+Enter | Display properties for the selected item |
| Alt+F4 | Close the active item, or exit the active program |
| Alt+Spacebar | Open the shortcut menu for the active window |
| Ctrl+F4 | Close the active document (in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously) |
| Alt+Tab | Switch between open items |
| Ctrl+Alt+Tab | Use the arrow keys to switch between open items |
| Ctrl+Mouse scroll wheel | Change the size of icons on the desktop |
| Windows logo key +Tab | Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D |
| Ctrl+Windows logo key +Tab | Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D |
| Alt+Esc | Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened |
| F6 | Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop |
| F4 | Display the address bar list in Windows Explorer |
| Shift+F10 | Display the shortcut menu for the selected item |
| Ctrl+Esc | Open the Start menu |
| Alt+underlined letter | Display the corresponding menu |
| Alt+underlined letter | Perform the menu command (or other underlined command) |
| F10 | Activate the menu bar in the active program |
| Right Arrow | Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu |
| Left Arrow | Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu |
| F5 or Ctrl+R | Refresh the active window |
| Alt+Up Arrow | View the folder one level up in Windows Explorer |
| Esc | Cancel the current task |
| Ctrl+Shift+Esc | Open Task Manager |
| Shift when you insert a CD | Prevent the CD from automatically playing |
| Left Alt+Shift | Switch the input language when multiple input languages are enabled |
| Ctrl+Shift | Switch the keyboard layout when multiple keyboard layouts are enabled |
| Right or Left Ctrl+Shift | Change the reading direction of text in right-to-left reading languages |
| Dialog Box | |
| Ctrl+Tab | Move forward through tabs |
| Ctrl+Shift+Tab | Move back through tabs |
| Tab | Move forward through options |
| Shift+Tab | Move back through options |
| Alt+underlined letter | Perform the command (or select the option) that goes with that letter |
| Enter | Replaces clicking the mouse for many selected commands |
| Spacebar | Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box |
| Arrow keys | Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons |
| F1 | Display Help |
| F4 | Display the items in the active list |
| Backspace | Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box |
| Windows Logo Key | |
| Windows logo key | Open or close the Start menu. |
| Windows logo key +Pause | Display the System Properties dialog box. |
| Windows logo key +D | Display the desktop. |
| Windows logo key +M | Minimize all windows. |
| Windows logo key +Shift+M | Restore minimized windows to the desktop. |
| Windows logo key +E | Open Computer. |
| Windows logo key +F | Search for a file or folder. |
| Ctrl+Windows logo key +F | Search for computers (if you're on a network). |
| Windows logo key +L | Lock your computer or switch users. |
| Windows logo key +R | Open the Run dialog box. |
| Windows logo key +T | Cycle through programs on the taskbar. |
| Windows logo key +number | Start the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number. If the program is already running, switch to that program. |
| Shift+Windows logo key +number | Start a new instance of the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number. |
| Ctrl+Windows logo key +number | Switch to the last active window of the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number. |
| Alt+Windows logo key +number | Open the Jump List for the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number. |
| Windows logo key +Tab | Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D. |
| Ctrl+Windows logo key +Tab | Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D. |
| Ctrl+Windows logo key +B | Switch to the program that displayed a message in the notification area. |
| Windows logo key +Spacebar | Preview the desktop. |
| Windows logo key +Up Arrow | Maximize the window. |
| Windows logo key +Left Arrow | Maximize the window to the left side of the screen. |
| Windows logo key +Right Arrow | Maximize the window to the right side of the screen. |
| Windows logo key +Down Arrow | Minimize the window. |
| Windows logo key +Home | Minimize all but the active window. |
| Windows logo key +Shift+Up Arrow | Stretch the window to the top and bottom of the screen. |
| Windows logo key +Shift+Left Arrow or Right Arrow | Move a window from one monitor to another. |
| Windows logo key +P | Choose a presentation display mode. |
| Windows logo key +G | Cycle through gadgets. |
| Windows logo key +U | Open Ease of Access Center. |
| Windows logo key +X | Open Windows Mobility Center. |
| Windows Explorer | |
| Ctrl+N | Open a new window |
| Ctrl+W | Close the current window |
| Ctrl+Shift+N | Create a new folder |
| End | Display the bottom of the active window |
| Home | Display the top of the active window |
| F11 | Maximize or minimize the active window |
| Ctrl+Period (.) | Rotate a picture clockwise |
| Ctrl+Comma (,) | Rotate a picture counter-clockwise |
| Num Lock+Asterisk (*) on numeric keypad | Display all subfolders under the selected folder |
| Num Lock+Plus Sign (+) on numeric keypad | Display the contents of the selected folder |
| Num Lock+Minus Sign (-) on numeric keypad | Collapse the selected folder |
| Left Arrow | Collapse the current selection (if it's expanded), or select the parent folder |
| Alt+Enter | Open the Properties dialog box for the selected item |
| Alt+P | Display the preview pane |
| Alt+Left Arrow | View the previous folder |
| Backspace | View the previous folder |
| Right Arrow | Display the current selection (if it's collapsed), or select the first subfolder |
| Alt+Right Arrow | View the next folder |
| Alt+Up Arrow | View the parent folder |
| Ctrl+Shift+E | Display all folders above the selected folder |
| Ctrl+Mouse scroll wheel | Change the size and appearance of file and folder icons |
| Alt+D | Select the address bar |
| Ctrl+E | Select the search box |
| Ctrl+F | Select the search box |
| Shift+Click on a taskbar button | Open a program or quickly open another instance of a program |
| Ctrl+Shift+Click on a taskbar button | Open a program as an administrator |
| Shift+Right-click on a taskbar button | Show the window menu for the program |
| Shift+Right-click on a grouped taskbar button | Show the window menu for the group |
| Ctrl+Click on a grouped taskbar button | Cycle through the windows of the group |
| Magnifier | |
| Windows logo key + Plus Sign or Minus Sign | Zoom in or out |
| Ctrl+Alt+Spacebar | Preview the desktop in full-screen mode |
| Ctrl+Alt+F | Switch to full-screen mode |
| Ctrl+Alt+L | Switch to lens mode |
| Ctrl+Alt+D | Switch to docked mode |
| Ctrl+Alt+I | Invert colors |
| Ctrl+Alt+arrow keys | Pan in the direction of the arrow keys |
| Ctrl+Alt+R | Resize the lens |
| Windows logo key + Esc | Exit Magnifier |
| Remote Desktop Connection | |
| Alt+Page Up | Move between programs from left to right. |
| Alt+Page Down | Move between programs from right to left. |
| Alt+Insert | Cycle through programs in the order that they were started in. |
| Alt+Home | Display the Start menu. |
| Ctrl+Alt+Break | Switch between a window and full screen. |
| Ctrl+Alt+End | Display the Windows Security dialog box. |
| Alt+Delete | Display the system menu. |
| Ctrl+Alt+Minus Sign (-) on the numeric keypad | Place a copy of the active window, within the client, on the Terminal server clipboard (provides the same functionality as pressing Alt+PrtScn on a local computer). |
| Ctrl+Alt+Plus Sign (+) on the numeric keypad | Place a copy of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard (provides the same functionality as pressing PrtScn on a local computer). |
| Ctrl+Alt+Right Arrow | Tab out of the Remote Desktop controls to a control in the host program (for example, a button or a text box). Useful when the Remote Desktop controls are embedded in another (host) program. |
| Ctrl+Alt+Left Arrow | Tab out of the Remote Desktop controls to a control in the host program (for example, a button or a text box). Useful when the Remote Desktop controls are embedded in another (host) program. |
| Paint | |
| Ctrl+N | Create a new picture |
| Ctrl+O | Open an existing picture |
| Ctrl+S | Save changes to a picture |
| F12 | Save the picture as a new file |
| Ctrl+P | Print a picture |
| Alt+F4 | Close a picture and its Paint window |
| Ctrl+Z | Undo a change |
| Ctrl+Y | Redo a change |
| Ctrl+A | Select the entire picture |
| Ctrl+X | Cut a selection |
| Ctrl+C | Copy a selection to the Clipboard |
| Ctrl+V | Paste a selection from the Clipboard |
| Right Arrow | Move the selection or active shape right by one pixel |
| Left Arrow | Move the selection or active shape left by one pixel |
| Down Arrow | Move the selection or active shape down by one pixel |
| Up Arrow | Move the selection or active shape up by one pixel |
| Esc | Cancel a selection |
| Delete | Delete a selection |
| Ctrl+B | Bold selected text |
| Ctrl++ | Increase the width of a brush, line, or shape outline by one pixel |
| Ctrl+- | Decrease the width of a brush, line, or shape outline by one pixel |
| Ctrl+I | Italicize selected text |
| Ctrl+U | Underline selected text |
| Ctrl+E | Open the Properties dialog box |
| Ctrl+W | Open the Resize and Skew dialog box |
| Ctrl+Page Up | Zoom in |
| Ctrl+Page Down | Zoom out |
| F11 | View a picture in full-screen mode |
| Ctrl+R | Show or hide the ruler |
| Ctrl+G | Show or hide gridlines |
| F10 or Alt | Display keytips |
| Shift+F10 | Show the current shortcut menu |
| F1 | Open Paint Help |
| WordPad | |
| Ctrl+N | Create a new document |
| Ctrl+O | Open an existing document |
| Ctrl+S | Save changes to a document |
| F12 | Save the document as a new file |
| Ctrl+P | Print a document |
| Alt+F4 | Close WordPad |
| Ctrl+Z | Undo a change |
| Ctrl+Y | Redo a change |
| Ctrl+A | Select the entire document |
| Ctrl+X | Cut a selection |
| Ctrl+C | Copy a selection to the Clipboard |
| Ctrl+V | Paste a selection from the Clipboard |
| Ctrl+B | Make selected text bold |
| Ctrl+I | Italicize selected text |
| Ctrl+U | Underline selected text |
| Ctrl+= | Make selected text subscript |
| Ctrl+Shift+= | Make selected text superscript |
| Ctrl+L | Align text left |
| Ctrl+E | Align text center |
| Ctrl+R | Align text right |
| Ctrl+J | Justify text |
| Ctrl+1 | Set single line spacing |
| Ctrl+2 | Set double line spacing |
| Ctrl+5 | Set line spacing to 1.5 |
| Ctrl+Shift+> | Increase the font size |
| Ctrl+Shift+< | Decrease the font size |
| Ctrl+Shift+A | Change characters to all capitals |
| Ctrl+Shift+L | Change the bullet style |
| Ctrl+D | Insert a Microsoft Paint drawing |
| Ctrl+F | Find text in a document |
| F3 | Find the next instance of the text in the Find dialog box |
| Ctrl+H | Replace text in a document |
| Ctrl+Left Arrow | Move the cursor one word to the left |
| Ctrl+Right Arrow | Move the cursor one word to the right |
| Ctrl+Up Arrow | Move the cursor to the line above |
| Ctrl+Down Arrow | Move the cursor to the line below |
| Ctrl+Home | Move to the beginning of the document |
| Ctrl+End | Move to the end of the document |
| Ctrl+Page Up | Move up one page |
| Ctrl+Page Down | Move down one page |
| Ctrl+Delete | Delete the next word |
| F10 | Display keytips |
| Shift+F10 | Show the current shortcut menu |
| F1 | Open WordPad Help |
| Calculator | |
| Alt+1 | Switch to Standard mode |
| Alt+2 | Switch to Scientific mode |
| Alt+3 | Switch to Programmer mode |
| Alt+4 | Switch to Statistics mode |
| Ctrl+E | Open date calculations |
| Ctrl+H | Turn calculation history on or off |
| Ctrl+U | Open unit conversion |
| Alt+C | Calculate or solve date calculations and worksheets |
| F1 | Open Calculator Help |
| Ctrl+Q | Press the M- button |
| Ctrl+P | Press the M+ button |
| Ctrl+M | Press the MS button |
| Ctrl+R | Press the MR button |
| Ctrl+L | Press the MC button |
| % | Press the % button |
| F9 | Press the +/– button |
| / | Press the / button |
| * | Press the * button |
| + | Press the + button |
| - | Press the – button |
| R | Press the 1/× button |
| @ | Press the square root button |
| 0-9 | Press the number buttons (0-9) |
| = | Press the = button |
| . | Press the . (decimal point) button |
| Backspace | Press the backspace button |
| Esc | Press the C button |
| Del | Press the CE button |
| Ctrl+Shift+D | Clear the calculation history |
| F2 | Edit the calculation history |
| Up Arrow key | Navigate up in the calculation history |
| Down Arrow key | Navigate down in the calculation history |
| Esc | Cancel editing the calculation history |
| Enter | Recalculate the calculation history after editing |
| F3 | Select Degrees in Scientific mode |
| F4 | Select Radians in Scientific mode |
| F5 | Select Grads in Scientific mode |
| I | Press the Inv button in Scientific mode |
| D | Press the Mod button in Scientific mode |
| Ctrl+S | Press the sinh button in Scientific mode |
| Ctrl+O | Press the cosh button in Scientific mode |
| Ctrl+T | Press the tanh button in Scientific mode |
| ( | Press the ( button in Scientific mode |
| ) | Press the ) button in Scientific mode |
| N | Press the ln button in Scientific mode |
| ; | Press the Int button in Scientific mode |
| S | Press the sin button in Scientific mode |
| O | Press the cos button in Scientific mode |
| T | Press the tan button in Scientific mode |
| M | Press the dms button in Scientific mode |
| P | Press the pi button in Scientific mode |
| V | Press the F-E button in Scientific mode |
| X | Press the Exp button in Scientific mode |
| Q | Press the x^2 button in Scientific mode |
| Y | Press the x^y button in Scientific mode |
| # | Press the x^3 button in Scientific mode |
| L | Press the log button in Scientific mode |
| ! | Press the n! button in Scientific mode |
| Ctrl+Y | Press the y√x button in Scientific mode |
| Ctrl+B | Press the 3√x button in Scientific mode |
| Ctrl+G | Press the 10x button in Scientific mode |
| F5 | Select Hex in Programmer mode |
| F6 | Select Dec in Programmer mode |
| F7 | Select Oct in Programmer mode |
| F8 | Select Bin in Programmer mode |
| F12 | Select Qword in Programmer mode |
| F2 | Select Dword in Programmer mode |
| F3 | Select Word in Programmer mode |
| F4 | Select Byte in Programmer mode |
| K | Press the RoR button in Programmer mode |
| J | Press the RoL button in Programmer mode |
| < | Press the Lsh button in Programmer mode |
| > | Press the Rsh button in Programmer mode |
| % | Press the Mod button in Programmer mode |
| ( | Press the ( button in Programmer mode |
| ) | Press the ) button in Programmer mode |
| | | Press the Or button in Programmer mode |
| ^ | Press the Xor button in Programmer mode |
| ~ | Press the Not button in Programmer mode |
| & | Press the And button in Programmer mode |
| A-F | Press the A-F buttons in Programmer mode |
| Spacebar | Toggles the bit value in Programmer mode |
| A | Press the Average button in Statistics mode |
| Ctrl+A | Press the Average Sq button in Statistics mode |
| S | Press the Sum button in Statistics mode |
| Ctrl+S | Press the Sum Sq button in Statistics mode |
| T | Press the S.D. button in Statistics mode |
| Ctrl+T | Press the Inv S.D. button in Statistics mode |
| D | Press the CAD button in Statistics mode |
| Alt+C | Display the Table of Contents |
| Alt+N | Display the Connection Settings menu |
| F10 | Display the Options menu |
| Alt+Left Arrow | Move back to the previously viewed topic |
| Alt+Right Arrow | Move forward to the next (previously viewed) topic |
| Alt+A | Display the customer support page |
| Alt+Home | Display the Help and Support home page |
| Home | Move to the beginning of a topic |
| End | Move to the end of a topic |
| Ctrl+F | Search the current topic |
| Ctrl+P | Print a topic |
| F3 | Move the cursor to the search box |
Windows 8
| Shortcut | Description |
| Windows Key + D | Show Desktop |
| Windows Key + C | Open Charms Menu |
| Windows Key + F | Charms Menu – Search |
| Windows Key + H | Charms Menu – Share |
| Windows Key + K | Charms Menu – Devices |
| Windows Key + I | Charms Menu – Settings |
| Windows Key + Q | Search For Installed Apps |
| Windows Key + W | Search Settings |
| Windows Key + Tab | Cycle through open Modern UI Apps |
| Windows Key + Shift + Tab | Cycle through open Modern UI Apps in reverse order |
| Windows Key + . | Snaps app to the right (split screen multitasking) |
| Windows Key + Shift + . | Snaps app to the left (split screen multitasking) |
| Windows Key + , | Temporarily view desktop |
| Alt + F4 | Quit Modern UI Apps |
| Windows Key + E | Launch Windows Explorer Window |
| Windows Key + L | Lock PC and go to lock screen |
| Windows Key + T | Cycle through icons on taskbar (press Enter to launch app) |
| Windows Key + X | Show Advanced Windows Settings Menu |
| Windows Key + E | Launch Windows Explorer Window |
| Windows Key + Page Down | Moves Start screen and apps to secondary monitor on the right |
| Windows Key + M | Minimize all Windows |
| Windows Key + Shift + M | Restore all minimized Windows |
| Windows Key + R | Open Run dialog box |
| Windows Key + Up Arrow | Maximize current window |
| Windows Key + Down Arrow | Minimize current window |
| Windows Key + Left Arrow | Maximize current window to left side of the screen |
| Windows Key + Right Arrow | Maximize current window to right side of the screen |
| Ctrl + Shift + Escape | Open Task Manager |
| Windows Key + Print Screen | Takes a Print Screen and saves it to your Pictures folder |
| Windows Key + Page Up | Moves Start screen and apps to secondary monitor on the left |
| Windows Key + Pause Break | Display System Properties |
| Shift + Delete | Permanently delete files without sending it to Recycle Bin |
| Windows Key + F1 | Open Windows Help and Support |
| Windows Key + V | Cycle through notifications |
| Windows Key + Shift + V | Cycle through notifications in reverse order |
| Windows Key + 0 to 9 | Launch/show app pinned to taskbar at indicated number |
| Windows Key + Shift + 0 to 9 | Launch new instance of app pinned to taskbar at indicated number |
| Alt + Enter | Display Properties of selected item in File Explorer |
| Alt + Up Arrow | View upper level folder of current folder in File Explorer |
| Alt + Right Arrow | View next folder in File Explorer |
| Alt + Left Arrow | View previous folder in File Explorer |
| Windows Key + P | Choose secondary display modes |
| Windows Key + U | Open Ease of Access Center |
| Alt + Print Screen | Print Screen focused Window only |
| Windows Key + Spacebar | Switch input language and keyboard layout |
| Windows Key + Shift + Spacebar | Switch to previous input language and keyboard layout |
| Windows Key + Enter | Open Narrator |
| Windows Key + + | Zoom in using Magnifier |
| Windows Key + – | Zoom out using Magnifier |
| Windows Key + Escape | Exit Magnifier |
Windows 10
| Keyboard shortcut | Action |
| Windows key | Open or close Start Menu. |
| Windows key + A | Open Action center. |
| Windows key + C | Open Cortana in listening mode. |
| Windows key + D | Display and hide the desktop. |
| Windows key + E | Open File Explorer. |
| Windows key + G | Open Game bar when a game is open. |
| Windows key + H | Open the Share charm. |
| Windows key + I | Open Settings. |
| Windows key + K | Open the Connect quick action. |
| Windows key + L | Lock your PC or switch accounts. |
| Windows key + M | Minimize all windows. |
| Windows key + R | Open Run dialog box. |
| Windows key + S | Open Search. |
| Windows key + U | Open Ease of Access Center. |
| Windows key + X | Open Quick Link menu. |
| Windows key + Number | Open the app pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number. |
| Windows key + Left arrow key | Snap app windows left. |
| Windows key + Right arrow key | Snap app windows right. |
| Windows key + Up arrow key | Maximize app windows. |
| Windows key + Down arrow key | Minimize app windows. |
| Windows key + Comma | Temporarily peek at the desktop. |
| Windows key + Ctrl +D | Add a virtual desktop. |
| Windows key + Ctrl + Left or Right arrow | Switch between virtual desktops. |
| Windows key + Ctrl + F4 | Close current virtual desktop. |
| Windows key + Enter | Open Narrator. |
| Windows key + Home | Minimize all but the active desktop window (restores all windows on second stroke). |
| Windows key + PrtScn | Capture a screenshot and save in Screenshots folder. |
| Windows key + Shift + Up arrow | Stretch the desktop window to the top and bottom of the screen. |
| Windows key + Tab | Open Task view. |
| Windows key + "+" key | Zoom in using the magnifier. |
| Windows key + "-" key | Zoom out using the magnifier. |
| Ctrl + Shift + Esc | Open Task Manager. |
| Alt + Tab | Switch between open apps. |
| Alt + Left arrow key | Go back. |
| Alt + Right arrow key | Go foward. |
| Alt + Page Up | Move up one screen. |
| Alt + Page down | Move down one screen. |
| Ctrl + Alt +Tab | View open apps |
| Ctrl + C | Copy selected items to clipboard. |
| Ctrl + X | Cut selected items. |
| Ctrl + V | Paste content from clipboard. |
| Ctrl + A | Select all content. |
| Ctrl + Z | Undo an action. |
| Ctrl + Y | Redo an action. |
| Ctrl + D | Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin. |
| Ctrl + Esc | Open the Start Menu. |
| Ctrl + Shift | Switch the keyboard layout. |
| Ctrl + Shift + Esc | Open Task Manager. |
| Ctrl + Shift | Switch the keyboard layout. |
| Ctrl + Shift + Esc | Open Task Manager. |
| Ctrl + F4 | Close the active window. |
Mac
| Shortcut | Description |
| Cut, Copy, Paste and other shortcuts | |
| Command-X | Cut: Remove the selected item and copy it to the Clipboard. |
| Command-C | Copy the selected item to the Clipboard. This also works for files in the Finder. |
| Command-V | Paste the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This also works for files in the Finder. |
| Command-Z | Undo the previous command. You can then press Command-Shift-Z to Redo, reversing the undo command. In some apps, you can undo and redo multiple commands. |
| Command-A | Select All items. |
| Command-F | Find: Open a Find window, or find items in a document. |
| Command-G | Find Again: Find the next occurrence of the item previously found. To find the previous occurrence, press Command-Shift-G. |
| Command-H | Hide the windows of the front app. To view the front app but hide all other apps, press Command-Option-H. |
| Command-M | Minimize the front window to the Dock. To minimize all windows of the front app, press Command-Option-M. |
| Command-N | New: Open an new document or window. |
| Command-O | Open the selected item, or open a dialog to select a file to open. |
| Command-P | Print the current document. |
| Command-S | Save the current document. |
| Command-W | Close the front window. To close all windows of the app, press Command-Option-W. |
| Command-Q | Quit the app. |
| Option-Command-ESC | Force Quit: Choose an app to force quit. Or press Command-Shift-Option-Esc and hold for 3 seconds to force just the front app to quit. |
| Command–Space bar | Spotlight: Show or hide the Spotlight search field. To perform a Spotlight search from a Finder window, press Command–Option–Space bar. If you use multiple input sources to type in different languages, these shortcuts change input sources instead of showing Spotlight. |
| Space bar | Quick Look: Use Quick Look to preview the selected item. |
| Command-Tab | Switch apps: Switch to the next most recently used app among your open apps. |
| Shift-Command-Tilde(~) | Switch windows: Switch to the next most recently used window of the front app. |
| Shift-Command-3 | Take a screenshot of the entire screen. |
| Shift-Command-4 | Take a screenshot of a particular region |
| Command-Comma (,) | Preferences: Open preferences for the front app. |
| Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcuts | |
| Power Button | Hold for 5 seconds to force your Mac to turn off. |
| Control-Command-Power Button | Force your Mac to restart |
| Control-Shift-(Power button or Disk Eject | Put your displays to sleep. |
| Control-Command-Disk Eject | Quit all apps, then restart your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you'll be asked whether you want to save them. |
| Control-Option-Command (Power Button / Disk Eject) | Quit all apps, then shut down your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you'll be asked whether you want to save them. |
| Shift-Command-Q | Log out of your macOS user account. You'll be asked to confirm. |
| Option-Shift-Command-Q | Log out of your macOS user account immediately, without being asked to confirm. |
| Document Shortcuts | |
| Command-B | Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off. |
| Command-I | Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on or off.
|
| Command-U | Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off. |
| Command-T | Show or hide the Fonts window. |
| Command-D | Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog. |
| Control- Command-D | Show or hide the definition of the selected word. |
| Shift-Command-Colon (:) | Display the Spelling and Grammar window. |
| Command-Semicolon (;) | Find misspelled words in the document. |
| Option-Delete | Delete the word to the left of the insertion point. |
| Control-H | Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use Delete. |
| Control-D | Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use Fn-Delete. |
| Fn-Delete | Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forward Delete key. Or use Control-D. |
| Control-K | Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph. |
| Command-Delete | Select Delete or Don't Save in a dialog that contains a Delete or Don't Save button. |
| Fn–Up Arrow | Page Up: Scroll up one page. |
| Fn–Down Arrow | Page Down: Scroll down one page. |
| Fn–Left Arrow | Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document. |
| Fn–Right Arrow | End: Scroll to the end of a document. |
| Command–Up Arrow | Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document. |
| Command–Down Arrow | Move the insertion point to the end of the document. |
| Command–Left Arrow | Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line. |
| Command–Right Arrow | Move the insertion point to the end of the current line. |
| Option–Left Arrow | Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word. |
| Option–Right Arrow | Move the insertion point to the end of the next word. |
| Shift–Command–Up Arrow | Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document. |
| Shift–Command–Down Arrow | Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document. |
| Shift–Command–Left Arrow | Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line. |
| Shift–Command–Right Arrow | Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line. |
| Shift–Up Arrow | Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above. |
| Shift–Down Arrow | Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below. |
| Shift–Left Arrow | Extend text selection one character to the left. |
| Shift–Right Arrow | Extend text selection one character to the right. |
| Option–Shift–Up Arrow | Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again. |
| Option–Shift–Down Arrow | Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again. |
| Option–Shift–Left Arrow | Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again. |
| Option–Shift–Right Arrow | Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again. |
| Control-A | Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph. |
| Control-E | Move to the end of a line or paragraph. |
| Control-F | Move one character forward. |
| Control-B | Move one character backward. |
| Control-L | Center the cursor or selection in the visible area. |
| Control-P | Move up one line. |
| Control-N | Move down one line. |
| Control-O | Insert a new line after the insertion point. |
| Control-T | Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point. |
| Command–Left Curly Bracket ({) | Left align. |
| Command–Right Curly Bracket (}) | Right align. |
| Shift–Command–Vertical bar (|) | Center align. |
| Option-Command-F | Go to the search field. |
| Option-Command-T | Show or hide a toolbar in the app. |
| Option-Command-C | Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard. |
| Option-Command-V | Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item. |
| Option-Shift-Command-V | Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content. |
| Option-Command-I | Show or hide the inspector window. |
| Shift-Command-P | Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings. |
| Shift-Command-S | Display the Save As dialog, or duplicate the current document. |
| Shift–Command– Minus sign (-) |
Decrease the size of the selected item. |
| Shift–Command– Plus sign (+) |
Increase the size of the selected item. Command–Equal sign (=) performs the same function. |
| Shift–Command– Question mark (?) |
Open the Help menu. |
| Finder Shortcuts | |
| Command-D | Duplicate the selected files. |
| Command-E | Eject the selected disk or volume. |
| Command-F | Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window. |
| Command-I | Show the Get Info window for a selected file. |
| Shift-Command-C | Open the Computer window. |
| Shift-Command-D | Open the desktop folder. |
| Shift-Command-F | Open the All My Files window. |
| Shift-Command-G | Open a Go to Folder window. |
| Shift-Command-H | Open the Home folder of the current macOS user account. |
| Shift-Command-I | Open iCloud Drive. |
| Shift-Command-K | Open the Network window. |
| Option-Command-L | Open the Downloads folder. |
| Shift-Command-O | Open the Documents folder. |
| Shift-Command-R | Open the AirDrop window. |
| Shift-Command-T | Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mountain Lion or earlier) |
| Control-Shift-Command-T | Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mavericks or later) |
| Shift-Command-U | Open the Utilities folder. |
| Option-Command-D | Show or hide the Dock. This often works even when you're not in the Finder. |
| Control-Command-T | Add the selected item to the sidebar (OS X Mavericks or later). |
| Option-Command-P | Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows. |
| Option-Command-S | Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder windows. |
| Command–Slash (/) | Hide or show the status bar in Finder windows. |
| Command-J | Show View Options. |
| Command-K | Open the Connect to Server window. |
| Command-L | Make an alias of the selected item. |
| Command-N | Open a new Finder window. |
| Shift-Command-N | Create a new folder. |
| Option-Command-N | Create a new Smart Folder. |
| Command-R | Show the original file for the selected alias. |
| Command-T | Show or hide the tab bar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window. |
| Shift-Command-T | Show or hide a Finder tab. |
| Option-Command-T | Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window. |
| Option-Command-V | Move: Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location. |
| Option-Command-Y | View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files. |
| Command-Y | Use Quick Look to preview the selected files. |
| Command-1 | View the items in the Finder window as icons. |
| Command-2 | View the items in a Finder window as a list. |
| Command-3 | View the items in a Finder window in columns. |
| Command-4 | View the items in a Finder window with Cover Flow. |
| Command–Left Bracket ([) | Go to the previous folder. |
| Command–Right Bracket (]) | Go to the next folder. |
| Command–Up Arrow | Open the folder that contains the current folder. |
| Command–Control–Up Arrow | Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window. |
| Command–Down Arrow | Open the selected item. |
| Command–Mission Control | Show the desktop. This works even when you're not in the Finder. |
| Command–Brightness Up | Turn Target Display Mode on or off. |
| Command–Brightness Down | Turn display mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than one display. |
| Right Arrow | Open the selected folder. This works only when in list view. |
| Left Arrow | Close the selected folder. This works only when in list view. |
| Option–double-click | Open a folder in a separate window and close the current window. |
| Command–double-click | Open a folder in a separate tab or window. |
| Command-Delete | Move the selected item to the Trash. |
| Shift-Command-Delete | Empty the Trash. |
| Option-Shift-Command-Delete | Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog. |
| Command-Y | Use Quick Look to preview the files. |
| Option–Brightness Up | Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key. |
| Option–Mission Control | Open Mission Control preferences. |
| Option–Volume Up | Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys. |
| Command key while dragging | Move the dragged item to another volume or location. The pointer changes while you drag the item. |
| Option key while dragging | Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item. |
| Option-Command while dragging | Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item. |
| Option-click a disclosure triangle | Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view. |
| Command-click a window title | See the folders that contain the current folder. |
| Fn–Up Arrow | Page Up: Scroll up one page. |
| Fn–Down Arrow | Page Down: Scroll down one page. |
| Fn–Left Arrow | Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document. |
| Fn–Right Arrow | End: Scroll to the end of a document. |
| Command–Up Arrow | Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document. |
| Command–Down Arrow | Move the insertion point to the end of the document. |
| Command–Left Arrow | Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line. |
| Command–Right Arrow | Move the insertion point to the end of the current line. |
| Option–Left Arrow | Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word. |
| Option–Right Arrow | Move the insertion point to the end of the next word. |
| Shift–Command–Up Arrow | Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document. |
| Shift–Command–Down Arrow | Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document. |
| Shift–Command–Left Arrow | Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line. |
| Shift–Command–Right Arrow | Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line. |
| Shift–Up Arrow | Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above. |
| Shift–Down Arrow | Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below. |
| Shift–Left Arrow | Extend text selection one character to the left. |
| Shift–Right Arrow | Extend text selection one character to the right. |
| Option–Shift–Up Arrow | Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again. |
| Option–Shift–Down Arrow | Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again. |
| Option–Shift–Left Arrow | Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again. |
| Option–Shift–Right Arrow | Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again. |
| Control-A | Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph. |
| Control-E | Move to the end of a line or paragraph. |
| Control-F | Move one character forward. |
| Control-B | Move one character backward. |
| Control-L | Center the cursor or selection in the visible area. |
| Control-P | Move up one line. |
| Control-N | Move down one line. |
| Control-O | Insert a new line after the insertion point. |
| Control-T | Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point. |
| Command–Left Curly Bracket ({) | Left align. |
| Command–Right Curly Bracket (}) | Right align. |
| Shift–Command–Vertical bar (|) | Center align. |
| Option-Command-F | Go to the search field. |
| Option-Command-T | Show or hide a toolbar in the app. |
| Option-Command-C | Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard. |
| Option-Command-V | Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item. |
| Option-Shift-Command-V | Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content. |
| Option-Command-I | Show or hide the inspector window. |
| Shift-Command-P | Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings. |
| Shift-Command-S | Display the Save As dialog, or duplicate the current document. |
| Shift–Command– Minus sign (-) |
Decrease the size of the selected item. |
| Shift–Command– Plus sign (+) |
Increase the size of the selected item. Command–Equal sign (=) performs the same function. |
| Shift–Command– Question mark (?) |
Open the Help menu. |
| Command-D | Duplicate the selected files. |
| Command-E | Eject the selected disk or volume. |
| Command-F | Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window. |
| Command-I | Show the Get Info window for a selected file. |
| Shift-Command-C | Open the Computer window. |
| Shift-Command-D | Open the desktop folder. |
| Shift-Command-F | Open the All My Files window. |
| Shift-Command-G | Open a Go to Folder window. |
| Shift-Command-H | Open the Home folder of the current macOS user account. |
| Shift-Command-I | Open iCloud Drive. |
| Shift-Command-K | Open the Network window. |
| Option-Command-L | Open the Downloads folder. |
| Shift-Command-O | Open the Documents folder. |
| Shift-Command-R | Open the AirDrop window. |
| Shift-Command-T | Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mountain Lion or earlier) |
| Control-Shift-Command-T | Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mavericks or later) |
| Shift-Command-U | Open the Utilities folder. |
| Option-Command-D | Show or hide the Dock. This often works even when you're not in the Finder. |
| Control-Command-T | Add the selected item to the sidebar (OS X Mavericks or later). |
| Option-Command-P | Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows. |
| Option-Command-S | Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder windows. |
| Command–Slash (/) | Hide or show the status bar in Finder windows. |
| Command-J | Show View Options. |
| Command-K | Open the Connect to Server window. |
| Command-L | Make an alias of the selected item. |
| Command-N | Open a new Finder window. |
| Shift-Command-N | Create a new folder. |
| Option-Command-N | Create a new Smart Folder. |
| Command-R | Show the original file for the selected alias. |
| Command-T | Show or hide the tab bar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window. |
| Shift-Command-T | Show or hide a Finder tab. |
| Option-Command-T | Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window. |
| Option-Command-V | Move: Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location. |
| Option-Command-Y | View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files. |
| Command-Y | Use Quick Look to preview the selected files. |
| Command-1 | View the items in the Finder window as icons. |
| Command-2 | View the items in a Finder window as a list. |
| Command-3 | View the items in a Finder window in columns. |
| Command-4 | View the items in a Finder window with Cover Flow. |
| Command–Left Bracket ([) | Go to the previous folder. |
| Command–Right Bracket (]) | Go to the next folder. |
| Command–Up Arrow | Open the folder that contains the current folder. |
| Command–Control–Up Arrow | Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window. |
| Command–Down Arrow | Open the selected item. |
| Command–Mission Control | Show the desktop. This works even when you're not in the Finder. |
| Command–Brightness Up | Turn Target Display Mode on or off. |
| Command–Brightness Down | Turn display mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than one display. |
| Right Arrow | Open the selected folder. This works only when in list view. |
| Left Arrow | Close the selected folder. This works only when in list view. |
| Option–double-click | Open a folder in a separate window and close the current window. |
| Command–double-click | Open a folder in a separate tab or window. |
| Command-Delete | Move the selected item to the Trash. |
| Shift-Command-Delete | Empty the Trash. |
| Option-Shift-Command-Delete | Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog. |
| Command-Y | Use Quick Look to preview the files. |
| Option–Brightness Up | Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key. |
| Option–Mission Control | Open Mission Control preferences. |
| Option–Volume Up | Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys. |
| Command key while dragging | Move the dragged item to another volume or location. The pointer changes while you drag the item. |
| Option key while dragging | Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item. |
| Option-Command while dragging | Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item. |
| Option-click a disclosure triangle | Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view. |
| Command-click a window title | See the folders that contain the current folder. |
| Option-Shift-Command-Delete | Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog. |
| Command-Y | Use Quick Look to preview the files. |
| Option–Brightness Up | Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key. |
| Option–Mission Control | Open Mission Control preferences. |
| Option–Volume Up | Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys. |
| Command key while dragging | Move the dragged item to another volume or location. The pointer changes while you drag the item. |
| Option key while dragging | Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item. |
| Option-Command while dragging | Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item. |
| Option-click a disclosure triangle | Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view. |
| Command-click a window title | See the folders that contain the current folder. |
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